New York

New York Legal Resources

Free legal information, aid organizations, and court resources for residents of New York. Know your rights and find help.

Legal Aid Organizations

The Legal Aid Society

The nation's oldest and largest legal aid organization, providing free legal services to low-income New Yorkers in civil, criminal, and juvenile rights matters.

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Legal Services NYC

Provides free civil legal help to low-income residents across all five boroughs of New York City in housing, family, and benefits matters.

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New York Legal Assistance Group (NYLAG)

Offers free legal services in civil matters including immigration, domestic violence, health care, and government benefits.

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Legal Services of the Hudson Valley

Provides free civil legal services to low-income residents in seven counties of the Hudson Valley, covering housing, family, and benefits.

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Her Justice

Provides free legal help to women living in poverty in New York City in family law, immigration, and divorce matters.

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New York Civil Liberties Union (NYCLU)

The ACLU's New York affiliate, defending civil liberties through litigation, advocacy, and public education on issues from surveillance to criminal justice.

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Court System Overview

The Court of Appeals is New York's highest court (unusually, the Supreme Court is NOT the highest court). Appellate Divisions of the Supreme Court handle intermediate appeals across four departments. Supreme Courts are the trial courts of general civil jurisdiction. County Courts handle criminal cases outside NYC. The NYC Civil Court, Criminal Court, and Family Court serve the five boroughs. Town and Village Justice Courts handle minor matters.

The Court of Appeals is New York's highest court (seven judges), sitting in Albany. The Appellate Divisions of the Supreme Court operate in four departments: First (Manhattan and Bronx), Second (Brooklyn, Queens, Staten Island, and surrounding counties), Third (upstate east), and Fourth (upstate west). Supreme Courts serve as general jurisdiction trial courts in each county. The NYC Civil Court handles claims up to $50,000. Family Court handles custody, support, and domestic violence matters.

Key State Laws & Protections

New York Housing Stability and Tenant Protection Act

Landmark 2019 law strengthening rent stabilization, limiting security deposits to one month's rent, extending notice periods for rent increases, and expanding tenant protections statewide.

New York State Human Rights Law

One of the broadest anti-discrimination laws in the nation, covering employment, housing, public accommodations, education, and credit with extensive protected categories.

New York General Business Law (Consumer Protection)

Comprehensive consumer protection including Section 349 (deceptive practices) and Section 350 (false advertising) with private right of action.

New York Paid Family Leave

Provides up to 12 weeks of paid leave at 67% of average weekly wage for bonding, caregiving, or military family needs.

New York SHIELD Act

Strengthens data breach notification requirements and requires businesses to implement reasonable data security safeguards to protect private information of New York residents.

New York Salary Transparency Law

Requires employers with four or more employees to include salary ranges in job postings, promoting pay equity and transparency.

New York Adult Survivors Act

Opened a one-year lookback window allowing adult survivors of sexual abuse to file civil claims regardless of when the abuse occurred.

Bar Association

New York State Bar Association
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Legal Aid Hotline

Need Immediate Legal Help?Call the Legal Aid Society at 1-212-577-3300 or LawHelpNY at 1-833-529-4357 for free legal help.

Emergency Legal Resources

NYC Domestic Violence Hotline

24/7 confidential support and shelter referrals for NYC

1-800-621-4673

New York State DV Hotline

Statewide domestic violence support and resources

1-800-942-6906

NYC Tenant Helpline (311)

Report housing emergencies, landlord harassment, and building violations

311

Suicide & Crisis Lifeline

Call or text 988 for immediate mental health crisis support

988

Recent Legal Updates (2025–2026)

Good Cause Eviction Protections (2025)

Statewide good cause eviction protections limit rent increases and require landlords to demonstrate just cause before evicting tenants in many residential units.

Clean Slate Act (2025)

Automatically seals certain criminal records after a waiting period, helping millions of New Yorkers remove barriers to employment and housing.

Paid Prenatal Leave (2025)

New York became the first state to mandate paid prenatal leave, providing 20 hours of paid time off for prenatal medical appointments.

Related Guides

Know Your RightsFind a LawyerLegal Aid ResourcesCourt Preparation

Filing Deadlines (Statute of Limitations)

Personal Injury

Statute of Limitations: 3 years

This is the maximum time after an event within which you may file a lawsuit. Missing this deadline typically means losing your right to sue.

Contract Disputes

Statute of Limitations: 6 years

This is the maximum time after an event within which you may file a lawsuit. Missing this deadline typically means losing your right to sue.

Property Damage

Statute of Limitations: 3 years

This is the maximum time after an event within which you may file a lawsuit. Missing this deadline typically means losing your right to sue.

Medical Malpractice

Statute of Limitations: 2.5 years

This is the maximum time after an event within which you may file a lawsuit. Missing this deadline typically means losing your right to sue.

Fraud

Statute of Limitations: 6 years

This is the maximum time after an event within which you may file a lawsuit. Missing this deadline typically means losing your right to sue.

Court Filing Fees

Small Claims Court

Typical filing fee: $15-$20 (claims up to $5,000) / $20-$25 (up to $10,000)

Small claims court is designed for individuals to resolve minor disputes quickly and affordably without an attorney.

Civil Court

Typical filing fee: $210-$400 (Supreme Court index number)

Civil court handles larger disputes including personal injury, contract breaches, and property claims. Attorney representation is common.

Family Court

Typical filing fee: No filing fee in Family Court

Family court handles divorce, custody, child support, adoption, and domestic violence matters. Fee waivers are often available for low-income filers.

Free Legal Aid Organizations

The Legal Aid Society

The nation's oldest and largest legal aid organization providing free legal services to low-income New Yorkers.

Visit Website →

Legal Services NYC

Free civil legal help across all five NYC boroughs in housing, family, and benefits matters.

Visit Website →

New York Legal Assistance Group

Free legal services in immigration, domestic violence, health care, and government benefits.

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Legal Aid Society of Northeastern NY

Free civil legal services for low-income residents in 16 northeastern New York counties.

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State Bar Resources

New York State Bar Association

Referral: Lawyer Referral Service: (800) 342-3661

Pro Bono: NY State Courts require 50 hours of pro bono service for bar admission and fund extensive programs.

Visit State Bar Website →

State Court Websites

New York Court of Appeals

New York's highest court (not the Supreme Court). Seven judges review important civil and criminal cases from the Appellate Divisions.

Visit Court Website →

Appellate Division of the Supreme Court

Four departments handling intermediate appeals across the state. Find your department and access case information and filing procedures.

Visit Court Website →

New York Supreme Court & Trial Courts

General jurisdiction trial courts in each county, plus NYC Civil Court, Criminal Court, and Family Court. Access case lookup and e-filing.

Find Your Local Court →

Key Statute Citations

N.Y. Real Prop. Law §220–238 & RPL §226-c

Tenant Protections. Governs residential leases, security deposit limits (one month), landlord obligations, and good cause eviction requirements under the Housing Stability and Tenant Protection Act.

N.Y. Exec. Law §290–301 (Human Rights Law)

State Human Rights Law. One of the nation's broadest anti-discrimination statutes covering employment, housing, public accommodations, education, and credit with extensive protected categories.

N.Y. Gen. Bus. Law §349 & §350

Consumer Protection. Section 349 prohibits deceptive acts and practices, and Section 350 prohibits false advertising, both with private right of action for damages and attorney fees.

N.Y. Fam. Ct. Act §812 & §828

Family Offense / Domestic Violence. Authorizes Orders of Protection in Family Court for victims of domestic violence, including stay-away orders, custody provisions, and batterer intervention programs.

N.Y. Lab. Law §740 (Whistleblower Protection)

Whistleblower Protections. Protects employees from retaliation for reporting illegal activity, substantial threats to public health or safety, and healthcare fraud.

Additional Legal Aid Organizations

LawHelpNY

Statewide portal connecting low-income New Yorkers to free legal aid organizations, self-help tools, court forms, and legal information by topic.

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MFY Legal Services (Mobilization for Justice)

Provides free legal assistance to low-income New Yorkers in housing, government benefits, employment, disability rights, and consumer protection.

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Legal Aid Society of Rochester

Provides free legal services to low-income residents in Monroe County and surrounding areas in housing, family, and public benefits matters.

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Attorney General — Consumer Protection

New York Attorney General — Consumer Frauds Bureau

The NY AG's Consumer Frauds Bureau investigates deceptive business practices, internet fraud, price gouging, and consumer complaints. The office also enforces data breach notification laws and consumer product safety.

Phone: (800) 771-7755

Online Complaints: File at ag.ny.gov/consumer-frauds-bureau/file-complaint

Visit AG Consumer Protection →

Civil Rights Agency

New York State Division of Human Rights (DHR)

The DHR enforces the New York State Human Rights Law, investigating complaints of discrimination in employment, housing, public accommodations, education, and credit. The DHR has offices across the state and is a HUD-certified agency for housing discrimination.

Phone: (888) 392-3644

Filing Deadline: 1 year from the discriminatory act (3 years for sexual harassment in employment)

Visit DHR Website →
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Frequently Asked Legal Questions in New York

New York has multiple legal aid organizations that provide free or low-cost legal help to income-eligible residents. You can also contact your local bar association for pro bono referrals, or visit our Legal Aid Finder to search by zip code.
In New York, tenants generally have the right to a habitable dwelling, proper notice before eviction, the return of security deposits within a specified timeframe, and protection from housing discrimination. Specific rules vary — visit our Tenant Rights Checker for New York-specific details.
New York allows expungement or record sealing for many misdemeanor and some felony convictions, typically after a waiting period and no subsequent offenses. Eligibility depends on the charge type, sentence served, and time elapsed. Use our Expungement Eligibility Checker to see if you qualify.
New York sets its own minimum wage, which may be higher than the federal minimum of $7.25/hr. Many cities within the state may have even higher local minimums. Use our Wage & Overtime Calculator to check the current New York minimum wage and calculate your pay.
The statute of limitations in New York sets the deadline to file a lawsuit after an injury or dispute. It varies by case type — personal injury, contracts, and criminal charges all have different limits. Use our Legal Deadline Calculator to find your specific deadline in New York.